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Validation Interfaces

You can validate your data using the spiral/validation component. The component provides an array-based DSL to construct complex validation chains.

The component contains Checkers, Conditions, and Validation object. The Web and GRPC bundle of spiral includes this component by default.

Note
Check Filter/Request Object for deep structural validations.

Installation and Configuration

To install the component:

composer require spiral/validation

Note
The spiral/framework >= 2.6 already includes this component.

To install in spiral use bootloader Spiral\Bootloader\Security\ValidationBootloader.

To edit the default component configuration create and edit file app/config/validation.php:

php
<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

use Spiral\Validation;

return [
    // Checkers are resolved using container and provide the ability to isolate some validation rules
    // under common name and class. You can register new checkers at any moment without any
    // performance issues.
    'checkers'   => [
        'type'     => Validation\Checker\TypeChecker::class,
        'number'   => Validation\Checker\NumberChecker::class,
        'mixed'    => Validation\Checker\MixedChecker::class,
        'address'  => Validation\Checker\AddressChecker::class,
        'string'   => Validation\Checker\StringChecker::class,
        'file'     => Validation\Checker\FileChecker::class,
        'image'    => Validation\Checker\ImageChecker::class,
        'datetime' => Validation\Checker\DatetimeChecker::class,
        'entity'   => Validation\Checker\EntityChecker::class,
        'array'    => Validation\Checker\ArrayChecker::class,
    ],

    // Enable/disable validation conditions
    'conditions' => [
        'absent'     => Validation\Condition\AbsentCondition::class,
        'present'    => Validation\Condition\PresentCondition::class,
        'anyOf'      => Validation\Condition\AnyOfCondition::class,
        'noneOf'     => Validation\Condition\NoneOfCondition::class,
        'withAny'    => Validation\Condition\WithAnyCondition::class,
        'withoutAny' => Validation\Condition\WithoutAnyCondition::class,
        'withAll'    => Validation\Condition\WithAllCondition::class,
        'withoutAll' => Validation\Condition\WithoutAllCondition::class,
    ],

    // Aliases are only used to simplify developer life.
    'aliases'    => [
        'notEmpty'   => 'type::notEmpty',
        'notNull'    => 'type::notNull',
        'required'   => 'type::notEmpty',
        'datetime'   => 'type::datetime',
        'timezone'   => 'type::timezone',
        'bool'       => 'type::boolean',
        'boolean'    => 'type::boolean',
        'arrayOf'    => 'array::of',
        'cardNumber' => 'mixed::cardNumber',
        'regexp'     => 'string::regexp',
        'email'      => 'address::email',
        'url'        => 'address::url',
        'file'       => 'file::exists',
        'uploaded'   => 'file::uploaded',
        'filesize'   => 'file::size',
        'image'      => 'image::valid',
        'array'      => 'is_array',
        'callable'   => 'is_callable',
        'double'     => 'is_double',
        'float'      => 'is_float',
        'int'        => 'is_int',
        'integer'    => 'is_integer',
        'numeric'    => 'is_numeric',
        'long'       => 'is_long',
        'null'       => 'is_null',
        'object'     => 'is_object',
        'real'       => 'is_real',
        'resource'   => 'is_resource',
        'scalar'     => 'is_scalar',
        'string'     => 'is_string',
        'match'      => 'mixed::match',
    ]
];

Use the component via provider factory:

php
namespace App\Controller;

use Spiral\Validation\ValidationInterface;
use Spiral\Validation\ValidatorInterface;

class HomeController
{
    public function index(ValidationInterface $validation): void
    {
        $validator = $validation->validate(
            // data
            [
                'key' => null
            ],
            // rules
            [
                'key' => [
                    'notEmpty'
                ]
            ]
        );

        dump($validator instanceof ValidatorInterface);

        dump($validator->isValid());
        dump($validator->withData(['key' => 'value'])->isValid());
    }
}

Note
You can use the validator prototype property.

The ValidatorInterface

The result of ValidationInterface->validate method is ValidatorInterface. The interface provides basic API to get result errors and allows them to attach to new data or context (immutable).

php
interface ValidatorInterface
{
    public function withData($data): ValidatorInterface;
    public function getValue(string $field, $default = null);
    public function withContext($context): ValidatorInterface;
    public function getContext();
    public function isValid(): bool;
    public function getErrors(): array;
}

The proper flow is valid:

php
public function index(Validation\ValidationInterface $validation): void
{
    $validator = $validation->validate(
        ['key' => null],
        ['key' => ['notEmpty']]
    );

    if (!$validator->isValid()) {
        dump($validator->getErrors());
    }
}

Validated Data

A validator can accept any array data source, but internally it will be converted into array form (unless ArrayAccess).

Error Format

The validation component will always return one error and first fired error per key.

php
[
    'name' => 'This field is required.',
    'key'  => 'Another error'
]

Note
Error messages can be localized using a spiral/translator component.

Validation DSL

The default spiral validator accepts validation rules in form of nested array. The key is the name of the property to be validated, where the value is an array of rules to be applied to the value sequentially:

php
$validator = $validation->validate(
    ['key' => null],
    [
        'key' => [
            'notEmpty', // key must not be empty
            'string'    // must be string
        ]
    ]
);

if (!$validator->isValid()) {
    dump($validator->getErrors());
}

The rule, in this case, is the name of the checker method or any available PHP function, which can accept value as the first argument.

For example, we can use is_numeric directly inside your rule:

php
$validator = $validation->validate(
    ['key' => null],
    [
        'key' => [
            'notEmpty',  // key must not be empty
            'is_numeric' // must be numeric
        ]
    ]
);

Extended Declaration

In many cases, you would need to declare additional rule parameters, conditions, or custom error messages. To achieve that, wrap the rule declaration into an array ([]).

php
$validator = $validation->validate(
    ['key' => null],
    [
        'key' => [
            ['notEmpty'],  // key must not be empty
            ['is_numeric'] // must be numeric
        ]
    ]
);

Note
You can omit the [] if the rule does not need any parameters.

Checker Rules

You can split your rule name using :: prefix, where first part is checker name and second is method name:

Let's get Spiral\Validation\Checker\FileChecker checker, for example:

php
final class FileChecker extends AbstractChecker
{
    // ...
    public function exists(mixed $file): bool // -> file::exists rule
    {
        return // check if the given file exists;
    }
    
    public function uploaded(mixed $file): bool // -> file::uploaded rule
    {
        return // check if the given file uploaded;
    }
    
    public function size(mixed $file, int $size): bool // -> file::size rule
    {
        return // check the given file size;
    }
}

Register it in app/config/validation.php config file:

php
<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

use Spiral\Validation;

return [
    'checkers' => [
        'file' => Validation\Checker\FileChecker::class,
    ],

    // Register aliases if you need to simplify developer life.
    'aliases' => [
        'file' => 'file::exists',
        'uploaded' => 'file::uploaded',
        'filesize' => 'file::size',
    ]
];

And use validation rules to validate a file:

php
$validator = $validation->validate(
    ['file' => null],
    [
        'file' => [
            'file::uploaded', // you can use alias 'uploaded'
            ['file::size', 1024] // FileChecker::size($file, 1024)
        ]
    ]
);

Parameters

All values listed in rule array will be passed as rule arguments. For example to check value using in_array:

php
$validator = $validation->validate(
    ['name' => 'f'],
    [
        'name' => [
            'notEmpty',
            ['in_array', ['a', 'b', 'c'], true] // in_array($value, ['a', 'b', 'c'], true)
        ]
    ]
);

To specify regexp pattern:

php
$validator = $validation->validate(
    ['name' => 'b'],
    [
        'name' => [
            'notEmpty',
            ['regexp', '/^a+$/'] // aaa...
        ]
    ]
);

Error Messages

Validator will render default error message for any custom rule, to set custom error message set the rule attribute:

php
$validator = $validation->validate(
    ['file' => 'b'],
    [
        'file' => [
            'notEmpty',
            ['regexp', '/^a+$/', 'error' => 'Invalid pattern, "a+" wanted.'] // aaa...
        ]
    ]
);

Note
You can assign custom error messages to any rule.

Error Messages localization

Custom error messages will be automatically translated.

php
// app/locale/ru/messages.php
return [
    'This value is required.' => 'Значение не должно быть пустым.',
];
php
$translator->setLocale('ru');

$validator = $validation->validate(
    ['key' => null],
    [
        'key' => [
            ['notEmpty', 'error' => 'This value is required.'] // Will return ['key' => 'Значение не должно быть пустым.']
        ]
    ]
);

Conditions

In some cases the rule must only be activated based on some external condition, use rule attribute if for this purpose:

php
$validator = $validation->validate(
    [
        'password' => '',
        'confirmPassword' => ''
    ],
    [
        'password' => [
            ['notEmpty']
        ],
        'confirmPassword' => [
            ['notEmpty', 'if' => ['withAll' => ['password']]]
        ]
    ]
);

Note
In the example, the required error on confirmPassword will show if password is not empty.

You can use multiple conditions or combine them with complex rules:

php
 $validator = $validation->validate(
    [
        'password'        => 'abc',
        'confirmPassword' => 'cde'
    ],
    [
        'password'        => [
            ['notEmpty']
        ],
        'confirmPassword' => [
            ['notEmpty', 'if' => ['withAll' => ['password']]],
            ['match', 'password', 'error' => 'Passwords do not match.']
        ]
    ]
);

There are two composition conditions: anyOf and noneOf, they contain nested conditions:

php
 $validator = $validation->validate(
    [
        'password'        => 'abc',
        'confirmPassword' => 'cde'
    ],
    [
        'password'        => [
            ['notEmpty']
        ],
        'confirmPassword' => [
            ['notEmpty', 'if' => ['anyOf' => ['withAll' => ['password'], 'withoutAll' => ['otherField']]]],
            [
                'match', 
                'password',
                'error' => 'Passwords do not match.',
                'if' => ['noneOf' => ['some condition', 'another condition']]
            ]
        ]
    ]
);

Available Conditions

Following conditions available for the usage:

Name Options Description
withAny array When at least one field is not empty.
withoutAny array When at least one field is empty.
withAll array When all fields are not empty.
withoutAll array When all fields are empty.
present array When all fields are presented in the request.
absent array When all fields are absent in the request.
noneOf array When none of nested conditions is met.
anyOf array When any of nested conditions is met.

Note
You can create your conditions using Spiral\Validation\ConditionInterface.

Validation Rules

The following validation rules are available.

Note
You can create your own validation rules using Spiral\Validation\AbstractChecker or Spiral\Validation\CheckerInterface.

Rules Aliases

The most used rule-set is available thought the set of shortcuts:

Alias Rule
notEmpty type::notEmpty
required type::notEmpty
datetime datetime::valid
timezone datetime::timezone
bool type::boolean
boolean type::boolean
arrayOf array::of,
cardNumber mixed::cardNumber
regexp string::regexp
email address::email
url address::url
file file::exists
uploaded file::uploaded
filesize file::size
image image::valid
array is_array
callable is_callable
double is_double
float is_float
int is_int
integer is_integer
numeric is_numeric
long is_long
null is_null
object is_object
real is_real
resource is_resource
scalar is_scalar
string is_string
match mixed::match

Type

prefix type::

Rule Parameters Description
notEmpty asString:bool - true Value should not be empty (same as !empty).
notNull --- Value should not be null.
boolean --- Value has to be boolean or integer[0,1].

Note
All of the rules of this checker are available without prefix.

Required

Rule Parameters Description
notEmpty asString:bool - true Value should not be empty.

Examples:

php
class MyRequest extends \Spiral\Filters\Filter
{
    public const VALIDATES = [
        'name'  => [
            ['notEmpty'],
            ['my::abc']
        ]
    ];
}

Mixed

prefix mixed::

Rule Parameters Description
cardNumber --- Check credit card passed by Luhn algorithm.
match field:string, strict:bool - false Check if value matches value from another field.

Note
All of the rules of this checker are available without prefix.

Address

prefix address::

Rule Parameters Description
email --- Check if email is valid.
url schemas:?array - null, defaultSchema:?string - null Check if URL is valid.
uri --- Check if URI is valid.

Note
email and url rules are available without address prefix via aliases, for uri use address::uri.

Number

prefix number::

Rule Parameters Description
range begin:float, end:float Check if the number is in a specified range.
higher limit:float Check if the value is bigger or equal to that which is specified.
lower limit:float Check if the value is smaller or equal to that which is specified.

String

prefix string::

Rule Parameters Description
regexp expression:string Check string using regexp.
shorter length:int Check if string length is shorter or equal that specified value.
longer length:int Check if the string length is longer or equal to that specified value.
length length:int Check if the string length is equal to specified value.
range left:int, right:int Check if the string length fits within the specified range.

Examples:

php
class MyRequest extends \Spiral\Filters\Filter
{
    public const VALIDATES = [
        'name' => [
            ['notEmpty'],
            ['string::length', 5]
        ]
    ];
}

Array

prefix array::

Rule Parameters Description
count length:int Check that an array has a size equal to the given value.
shorter length:int Check that an array has a size less than or equal to the given value.
longer length:int Check that an array has a size more than or equal to the given value.
range min:int, max:int Check that an array has a size between the given min and max.

Examples:

php
class MyRequest extends \Spiral\Filters\Filter
{
    public const VALIDATES = [
        'tags' => [
            ['notEmpty'],
            ['array::range', 1, 10]
        ]
    ];
}

File Checker

prefix file::

File checker fully supports the filename provided in a string form or using UploadedFileInterface (PSR-7).

Rule Parameters Description
exists --- Check if file exist.
uploaded --- Check if file was uploaded.
size size:int Check if file size less that specified value in KB.
extension extensions:array Check if file extension in whitelist. Client name of uploaded file will be used!

Image Checker

prefix image::

The image checker extends the file checker and fully supports its features.

Rule Parameters Description
type types:array Check if the image is within a list of allowed image types.
valid --- Shortcut to check if the image has an allowed type (JPEG, PNG, and GIF are allowed).
smaller width:int, height:int Check if image is smaller than a specified shape (height check if optional).
bigger width:int, height:int Check if image is bigger than a specified shape (height check is optional).

Datetime

prefix datetime::

This checker can apply now value in the constructor

Rule Parameters Description
future orNow:bool - false,
useMicroSeconds:bool - false
Value has to be a date in the future.
past orNow:bool - false,
useMicroSeconds:bool - false
Value has to be a date in the past.
format format:string Value should match the specified date format
before field:string,
orEquals:bool - false,
useMicroSeconds:bool - false
Value should come before a given threshold.
after field:string,
orEquals:bool - false,
useMicroSeconds:bool - false
Value should come after a given threshold.
valid --- Value has to be valid datetime definition including numeric timestamp.
timezone --- Value has to be valid timezone.

Note
Setting useMicroSeconds into true allows to check datetime with microseconds.
Be careful, two new \DateTime('now') objects will 99% have different microseconds values so they will never be equal.

Entity

prefix entity::

Cycle ORM specific checker.

Rule Parameters Description
exists class:string, field:string - null, ignoreCase:bool - false If an entity is presented in the db by a given PK or a custom field. class is an entity class name. ignoreCase option is only available since v2.9.
unique class:string, field:string, withFields:string[], ignoreCase:bool - false Value has to be unique. withFields represents an array of fields to be fetched from the validator input so all of them will be used in the unique check. ignoreCase option is only available since v2.9.

exists

Checks if the user exists by a given PK:

php
class MyRequest extends \Spiral\Filters\Filter
{
    public const VALIDATES = [
        'id' => [
            ['entity::exists', \App\Database\User::class] 
        ]
    ];
}

Checks if the user exists by a given email:

php
class MyRequest extends \Spiral\Filters\Filter
{
    public const VALIDATES = [
        'email' => [
            ['entity::exists', \App\Database\User::class, 'email'] 
        ]
    ];
}

unique

You can pass an active entity as a context object. If the value is presented in the context then it is counted as unchanged, and the checker will return true, otherwise the checker will look into the database.

Example:

php
class MyRequest extends \Spiral\Filters\Filter
{
    public const VALIDATES = [
        'email' => [
            ['entity::unique', \App\Database\User::class, 'email', ['company']] 
        ]
    ];
}

Note
It says that the given value should be unique in the database as an email field in a combination with a company value

With the validator context you can pass the current values, so they will not conflict with the current entity in the database:

php
/** @var \App\Database\User $user */
$request->setContext($user);

arrayOf

Special composition checker to validate all array values:

php
class MyRequest extends \Spiral\Filters\Filter
{
    public const VALIDATES = [
        'emails' => [
            ['arrayOf', 'address::email'] 
        ],
        'user' => [
            ['arrayOf', ['entity:exists', User::class]]
        ]
    ];
}

Note
Entity rules are available in spiral/cycle-bridge package.

Custom Validation Rules

It is possible to create application-specific validation rules via custom checker implementation.

php
namespace App\Security;

use Cycle\Database\Database;
use Spiral\Validation\AbstractChecker;

class DBChecker extends AbstractChecker
{
    public const MESSAGES = [
        // Method => Error message
        'user' => 'No such user.'
    ];

    private Database $db;

    public function __construct(Database $db)
    {
        $this->db = $db;
    }

    public function user(int $id): bool
    {
        return $this->db->table('users')->select()->where('id', $id)->count() === 1;
    }
}

Note
Use prebuild constant MESSAGES to define a custom error template.

To activate checker, register it in ValidationBootloader:

php
namespace App\Bootloader;

use App\Security\DBChecker;
use Spiral\Boot\Bootloader\Bootloader;
use Spiral\Bootloader\Security\ValidationBootloader;

class CheckerBootloader extends Bootloader
{
    public function boot(ValidationBootloader $validation): void
    {
        // Register custom checker
        $validation->addChecker('db', DBChecker::class);
        
        // Register alias for checker
        $validation->addAlias('db_user', 'db::user');
    }
}

You can use the validation now via db::user (or alias db_user) rule.